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Water Hammer: Description, Causes, and Influencing Factors

Any piping system that uses valves to regulate the flow of water or steam is susceptible to the phenomena known as water hammer. When a stream in motion is forced to change to halt suddenly, pressure which travels via the pipe system and triggers the water hammer. This shockwave/agitation is sometimes distinguished by a noticeable pounding or hitting vibration on the pipelines right after shutdown. It is also known as a hydraulic boom or hydraulic overflow.


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Water Hammer: Description, Causes, and Influencing Factors
Water Hammer: Description, Causes, and Influencing Factors

A water hammer can happen if a pump or piston abruptly stops working, forcing/allowing the flow to revert to the valve. Additionally, when a hollow piston instantly closes, the water forces against it. Water is highly viscous. Therefore, when it strikes, a wave travels at the speed of sound. These waves may travel either through the water column or between the outlet and the pipe network.


Water hammer effects

The pressure on the piston by the fluid's momentum can induce forces that may exceed the system's working pressure many times. These abrupt halt inflow and the ensuing stress spikes from the wave propagation can seriously harm the entire pipe network. Flow systems could eventually fail catastrophically if you ignore the water hammer. Water hammer can result in several long-term repercussions, such as:

Harm to the pump and flow system.

  • Fittings, connections, and joints can become damaged by a water hammer, which can cause leaks.

  • It can damage the raptured pipelines. Rupture happens in the local channel, and it can bring down the whole pipe system and other machinery.

  • It can also damage external property or equipment.

  • Property harm may necessitate expensive repairs or replacement parts.


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Influencing factors for Water Hammer

There are so many influencing factors for water hammer, such as:

  • Cleaning outdated system

  • Instal pressure reducer

  • Silent check valves can reduce pressure severity

  • Minimize the operating system

  • Spend money on piping systems with air chambers included in the design


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